□양보구문의 이해

1. 접속사 ‘though/ although/ even if/ even though+주어+동사’: 비록~라 할지라도

ex>Though he was young, he supported his family. 비록 그가 어렸지만 그는 가족을 부양했다

①Although Bobby and Billy are twins, they are as different as night and day.

②Even if animals seem different, they all have these three things in common.

2. 부사/형용사/무관사명사/동사원형+ as+주어+동사(may): 비록~지만

ex> Woman as she was, she was brave. 비록 그녀가 여자이지만, 그녀는 용감했다.

①Poor as he was, Tom was always happy and cheerful.

3. 접속사 'while+주어+동사:~라고는 하나

cf. 하지만 while 은 ~하는동안, or ~반면에 라는뜻도 있음.

ex>While I admit that it is difficult, I don't think it impossible. 나는 그것이 어렵다는 것을 인정하지만, 불가능하다고는 생각하지 않는다.

①While design and styling are interrelated, they are completely distinct fields.

4. 복합관계사와 복합 관계부사 또는 no matter +의문사=의문사 +ever

ex>Whatever happens, I will do it. 무슨일이 일어나더라도, 나는 그것을 할 것이다.

①However hard I worked, she was never satisfied.

②Wherever she drives, she always has a good sense of direction.

③No matter who is right or wrong, you shouldn't quarrel.

5. in spite of/ despite/ for all/ with all +구:~에도 불구하고

①They enjoyed their day at the zoo, despite the bad weather.

②It's amazing how he is still keeping afloat with all those bills.

□행위의 순차적 전개

1. before/ after/ as soon as

①We should think about possible dangers before we act.

②After they started hunting, one of his eyes was hit by a bullet.

③As soon as the flowers bloom, I start sneezing.

2. scarcely/hardly + 제 1행위 + when/before+ 2행위

no sooner+ 제 1행위+ 제 2행위

ex>Scarcely had he gone out when it began to snow. 그가 밖으로 나가자마자 눈이 내리기 시작했다

①She had hardly come home when she started to complain.

②We had no sooner sat down than the curtain rose.

3. the minute/ moment/ instant ~하자마자

ex> The minute I got to the station, the train started. 내가 역에 도착하자마자 기차가 출발했다.

①He ran out of the house the moment his mother appeared.

②The instant he saw the policeman, he ran away.

4. by the time ~할 때 까지는

ex> It will be ready by the time you get there 당신이 여기에 도착할때까지는 준비가 돼 있을 겁니다.

①By the time the guests arrived, the house had been thoroughly cleaned.

5. When/as

①When she saw me, she smiled at me

②He was very excited and talked nonstop as we drove through the lit streets.

□순간적 개념의 지속적 확대

1. while/ during/for/ as/ throughout/ until/ till/ from

①While eating dessert, we pondered what we should do afterwards.

②I visited my uncle during summer vacation.

③As rivers become polluted, fish are poisoned.

④The theater puts the play on the boards throughout the year.

⑤There were only thirteen more minutes until time was up.

⑥He didn't call her for several days.

⑦We are temporarily closed for lunch from 12 to 2 o'clock.