□목적 표현의 이해

1. 전치사 for를 이용한 목적의 표현: ~을 위해서

ex>The two groups met for informal talks. 그 두 단체가 비공식 회담을 위해서 만났다.

① It's a shelter for the convenience of travelers.

2. To 부정사를 이용한 목적의 표현:~하기 위해서

ex>He studied hard to pass the examination. 그는 시험에 합격하기위하여 열심히 공부했다.

①He went to see his friends.

3. so as to=in order to V:~하기위해

ex> I got up early so as to be in time for the express. 나는 급행열차에 제시간에 도착하기 위하여 일찍 일어났다.

①He gave up his regular job in order to do free-lance work.

4. for the purpose of ~ing=with a view to ~ing=with the aim of~ing:~할 목적으로

ex>He came here for the purpose of meeting you. 그는 너를 만날 목적으로 여기에 왔다.

①He has bought land with a view to building a house

②He pushed himself with the aim of getting into Harvard.

5. so that 주어+ 동사

ex>Seal the wine so that no air can get in.

①She stood back so that they would not notice her.

□원인/이유의 표현

1. 전치사 for를 이용한 원인/이유의 표현:~ 때문에

ex>The stadium was filled for the big game. 경기장이 그 큰 시합 때문에 가득찼다.

①The boy is often scolded for his messy way of eating.

2. owing to 구=due to 구= because of 구

because 주어+동사= as 주어 +동사 = since 주어+동사 = now that 주어+동사

①The traffic was snarled for a time owing to an accident

②Due to mismanagement, the business closed one year after it opened.

③Because of his discoveries, he came to be respected as an expert in the field.

④Offices were closed because it was a national holiday.

⑤As she is sleeping, you should turn off the light for her.

⑥Since she wants to go, I'd let her.

3. 감정 형용사+ to V

ex>I was happy to hear that you passed your exam. 나는 네가 시험에 합격했다는 소식을 듣고 기뻤다.

①She was disappointed to see her composition returned with a mass of corrections in red ink.

□조건/가정의 표현

1. If +주어+동사원형~, 주어+will/shall+동사원형~

If +주어+동사과거~, 주어+would/should/could/might +동사원형~

If +주어+had p.p~,  주어+would/should/could/might+have p.p~

①If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home

②If I were you, I wouldn't beg for food.

③If I had known all the details beforehand, I wouldn't have bought it.

2. 명령문, and~:~해라, 그러면 ~할것이다.

명령문, or/otherwise~: ~해라, 그렇지 않으면 ~할것이다.

①Turn to the left, and you will see the post office

②Write her address down, otherwise you'll forget it.

3. 가정법에서 if의 생략-가정법에서 if를 생략하면 ‘주어+동사(should, had, were)'가 동사+주어로 도치된다.

ex>Were I rich, I could help all of them 내가 부자라면, 그들 모두를 도울수 있을텐데.

①Should you meet him, tell him to come here.

4. as if/as though를 이용한 가정법 표현(마치 주어가 동사인것 처럼~)

ex>In the dark, it looked as if they were sleeping. 어둠속에서, 마치 그들이 잠자고 있는 것같이 보였다.

①His mouth was half open, as though he had stopped breathing.

5. I wish 가정법

ex>I wish I could have done that at that time 내가 그 당시에 그것을 할 수 있었으면 좋았을 텐데.

①I wish you had called earlier.

5. but for/without/ if it were not for(if it had not been for)~이 없었다면

ex> But for your help, I should have failed. 너의 도움이 없었다면, 나는 실패했었을 텐데.

①Had it not been for your help, I could not have succeeded.

6. 기타 조건절의 의미를 타나내는 표현

- 조동사 ‘will, would, should, could, might'가 있는 경우 ’to 부정사, 분사구문, 주어, 부사‘가 조건절을 대신할 수 있다.

ex>To see him, you will like him at once. 그를 만나면, 너는 바로 그를 좋아하게 될것이다.

①A wise man would wait patiently

②I could read more comfortably at home

③The pies would be done in maybe another five minutes.